Chapter 6 ELECTRIC FIELDS IN DIELECTRICS
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چکیده
The discussion of electric fields has ignored the influence of matter on the field except for the discussion of fields in electric conductors. The behavior of matter in electric fields can greatly influence the field as shown for the case of a good conductor. The response of matter to an electric field falls into two main categories, polarization of bound charges in atoms or molecules, and the flow of electric current due to the existence of unbound charges in matter as in conductors. A non-conducting material is called a dielectric. All the charges in a dielectric are bound and thus they cannot support an electric current. In spite of this, the electric field is changed greatly by the presence of a dielectric material. This chapter will discuss the properties of the electric dipole that underlies the behaviour of dielectrics. This knowledge then will be used to discuss the microscopic aspects of the influence of electric fields on atoms, which is needed to fully understand the macroscopic behavior of dielectrics on electric fields. This chapter finishes with a discussion of some important practical consequences.
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